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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(5): 1639-1645, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131532

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos fisiológicos e sobre o consumo do propofol, relativos à anestesia epidural com levobupivacaína isolada ou associada a diferentes doses de tramadol. Para tal, 18 cadelas foram pré-tratadas com acepromazina, utilizando-se propofol para indução e manutenção anestésicas. Conforme o protocolo epidural instituído, formaram-se três grupos (n=6) tratados com levobupivacaína isolada (1,5mg/kg) (GL) ou acrescida de 2mg/kg (GLT2) ou 4mg/kg (GLT4) de tramadol, respectivamente. As fêmeas foram submetidas à mastectomia e à ovário-histerectomia (OH), registrando-se as variáveis fisiológicas nos períodos pré (TB e T0) e transanestésicos (T10 a T70), bem como a taxa mínima de propofol necessária. Houve redução da FC para o GL e o GLT4 em relação ao GLT2 (T30 a T70), detectando-se, no GL, redução da PAS e da PAD em relação ao TB. Maiores taxas de infusão do propofol foram necessárias para o GL (0,70±0,12mg/kg/min) em relação ao GLT2 (0,50±0,19mg/kg/min) e ao GLT4 (0,50±0,19mg/kg/min). Conclui-se que o tramadol potencializou o propofol, ao ofertar analgesia, independentemente da dose administrada. Todos os protocolos testados foram seguros e eficazes em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia e à OH.(AU)


The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and on propofol-sparing effects related to epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine alone or combined with different doses of tramadol. For this purpose, 18 female dogs were pretreated with acepromazine, using propofol for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Based on a previously established epidural (L7-S1) protocol, three groups (n=6) were treated with either levobupivacaine alone (1.5mg.k-1) (GL) or in association with to 2mg.kg-1 (GLT2) or 4mg.kg-1 (GLT4) of tramadol, respectively. These dogs were all undergoing mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy (OH). The physiological data were registered in the pre (TB and T0) and trans-anesthetic periods (T10 - T70), as well as the consumption of propofol. There was a reduction in the HR for GL and GLT4 in relation to GLT2 (T30 - T70) and reductions in SAP and DAP in relation to TB in the GL group. Higher continuous infusion rate of propofol were required for GL (0.70±0.12mg.kg-1.min-1) relative to GLT2 (0.50±0.19mg.kg-1.min-1) and GLT4 (0.50±0.19mg.kg-1.min-1). It was concluded that tramadol potentiated propofol, offering analgesia independently of its administered dose. All protocols tested were safe and effective in female dogs undergoing mastectomy and OH.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Tramadol/analysis , Propofol/analysis , Levobupivacaine/analysis , Ovariectomy/veterinary , Anesthesia, Local/veterinary , Mastectomy/veterinary
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(4): 1486-1492, Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040158

ABSTRACT

In order to perform local anaesthetic blockade of the mental nerves, it is fundamentally to determine anatomical references, including the precise identification of the mental foramina; however, the literature does not present specific data on such structures in the Hoary Fox. Therefore, the objective was describing the morphometry of the mental foramina of this specie, in order to correlate its topographies with the mandibular anatomical reference points, supporting the effective technique for mental desensitization. For this purpose, four mandibles of adult bodies of Lycalopex vetulus were used. Bilaterally, three mental foramina were observed located on the rostral third of the lateral margin of the mandibular body. One of them is more caudal, positioned ventrally to the lower third premolar tooth; a medium one, is located ventrally to the lower first premolar tooth; and a rostral one, placed ventrally to the lower intermediate incisor tooth. There were no statistically significant differences between the antimeres. Therefore, it is indicated that the local anaesthetic block of the mental nerves in this species should be performed by inserting the needle approximately 4.4 mm in a ventrodorsal direction. It is necessary positioning it perpendicularly to the ventral margin of the mandibular body and juxtaposed to its lateral face, using as anatomical reference the interalveolar space located between the first two lower premolar teeth. Thus, that the point established for anaesthetic injection (caudal limit of the ventral margin of the middle mental foramen), provides greater safety for its realization since, for small animals, the recommendation for blockade is represented by needle penetration on the direction of emergence of the mental nerve and artery from this foramen, which makes these structures more exposed to iatrogenic lesions resulting from the technique.


Para realizar el bloqueo anestésico local de los nervios mentales, es fundamental determinar referencias anatómicas, incluida la identificación precisa de los forámenes mentales; sin embargo, la literatura no presenta datos específicos referente a estas estructuras en el zorro de campo común. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue describir la morfometría de los forámenes mentales de esta especie, para correlacionar sus topografías con los puntos de referencia anatómicos mandibulares, apoyando la técnica efectiva para la desensibilización mental. Para este propósito, se utilizaron cuatro mandíbulas de Lycalopex vetulus adultos. Bilateralmente, se observaron tres resistencias mentales ubicadas en el tercio rostral del margen lateral del cuerpo mandibular. Uno de ellos es más caudal, posicionado ventralmente hacia el tercer diente premolar inferior; uno mediano, localizado ventralmente hacia el primer diente premolar inferior; y uno rostral, colocado ventralmente al diente incisivo intermedio inferior. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los antímeros. Por lo tanto, el bloqueo anestésico local de los nervios mentales en esta especie debe realizarse insertando la aguja aproximadamente 4,4 mm en dirección ventrodorsal. Es necesario colocar ésta perpendicularmente al margen ventral del cuerpo mandibular y yuxtapuesto a su cara lateral, utilizando como referencia anatómica, el espacio interalveolar ubicado entre los dos primeros dientes premolares inferiores. De este modo, el punto establecido para la inyección de anestesia (límite caudal del margen ventral del foramen mental medio), proporciona una mayor seguridad para su realización ya que, para los animales pequeños, la recomendación de bloqueo está representada por la penetración de la aguja en la dirección de emergencia del nervio mental y la arteria de este foramen, lo que hace que estas estructuras estén más expuestas a las lesiones iatrogénicas resultantes de la técnica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Foxes/anatomy & histology , Anesthesia, Local/veterinary , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Dentistry/veterinary , Mandible/innervation
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(3): 731-740, maio-jun. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-911212

ABSTRACT

O estudo dos dados anatômicos é fundamental para possibilitar ao médico veterinário o reconhecimento de pequenas estruturas, como os nervos nos animais, oferecendo subsídio para construção do conhecimento do profissional principalmente em técnicas anestésicas e cirúrgicas. Para investigar e mapear os nervos do plexo braquial (nervo radial, nervo musculocutâneo, nervo ulnar, nervo mediano), nervo isquiático, nervo tibial, nervo femoral e os nervos para bloqueio paravertebral, foram utilizados um cadáver canino adulto, de peso aproximado de 8kg, e um cadáver de bezerro Holandês, de peso aproximado de 40kg. O mapeamento dos nervos é de grande importância, já que conhecer bem essas estruturas permite ao veterinário um bom desenvolvimento de suas atividades profissionais a fim de exercer funções mais complexas durante a anestesia e cirurgia veterinária, uma vez que, identificados os pontos de referência anatômicos, é possível trabalhar com mais clareza nas técnicas de bloqueios dos nervos periféricos.(AU)


Knowledge of animal anatomy is essential for the veterinarian to identify small structures such as nerves, thus providing a solid background for the professional especially for surgical and anesthetic techniques. To investigate and map the nerves of the brachial plexus (radial, musculocutaneous, ulnar, median), sciatic, tibial, femoral and the nerves for paravertebral blocking in bovine, embalmed specimens were used. One adult male dog weighing approximately 8kg and one 40kg male calf were used. Nerve mapping is fundamental due to its interdisciplinary nature, thus providing the veterinarian with a major improvement in his/her professional activities which permits allows one to perform complex tasks in anesthesia and veterinary surgery. Knowledge ofanatomical reference points increases clarity and precision in techniques involving peripheral nerve blocks.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Dogs , Cattle/anatomy & histology , Dogs/anatomy & histology , Peripheral Nerves/diagnostic imaging , Anesthesia, Local/veterinary
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 69(5): 1139-1144, set.-out. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-877301

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do pneumoperitônio e da posição de Trendelenburg sobre o fluxo de saída do ventrículo esquerdo em gatos anestesiados. Quatorze gatos foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos, ambos submetidos ao pneumoperitônio com 10mmHg de dióxido de carbono (CO2). No grupo controle (GC n=7), os animais foram submetidos apenas ao pneumoperitônio e, no grupo Trendelenburg (GTREN n=7), os animais foram colocados em cefalodeclive 20° após o pneumoperitônio. A indução anestésica foi realizada com isoflurano, utilizando-se caixa de indução. Posteriormente, os animais foram mantidos sob anestesia inalatória com o mesmo fármaco. Foram avaliados a velocidade do fluxo de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (VFSVE), os gradientes máximo (GmáxSVE) e médio (GmédSVE) de pressão e a integral velocidade-tempo (IVT). Os parâmetros foram mensurados nos momentos T0 (basal), antes da insuflação; T5 (cinco), T15 (quinze) e T30 (trinta) minutos após a insuflação. Os resultados mostraram um aumento da VFSVE no GC, em T15 e T30 (P=0,024), e um aumento do GmáxSVE no GC, em T30 (P=0,045). As variáveis não se alteraram significativamente em nenhum momento no GTREN. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a posição de Trendelenburg favoreceu o sistema cardiovascular, preservando os índices de fluxo sanguíneo na saída do ventrículo esquerdo.(AU)


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position on the left ventricular outflow in anesthetized cats. Fourteen cats were randomly divided into two groups, both submitted to pneumoperitoneum of 10 mmHg with carbon dioxide (CO2), and in the control group (GC n = 7) the animals were subjected only to pneumoperitoneum and the Trendelenburg group (n = 7 GTREN) the animals were placed in cefalodeclive 20° after pneumoperitoneum. Anesthesia of the animals was performed with isoflurane using induction box, keeping the animals under inhalation anesthesia with the same drug. We evaluated the speed of the left ventricular outflow (VFSVE), the maximum pressure gradient (GmáxSVE), mean pressure gradient (GmédSVE) and velocity-time integrals (IVT). The parameters were measured in time, T0 (baseline), before the insufflation; T5 (five); T15 (fifteen) and T30 (thirty) minutes after inflation. The results showed an increase in VFSVE in GC, T15 and T30 (p = 0,024) and an increase in GmáxSVE in GC in T30 (p = 0,045). The variables did not change significantly at any time in GTREN. Thus, it is concluded that the Trendelenburg position favored the cardiovascular system, preserving blood flow rates in the left ventricular outflow.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Carbon Dioxide/physiology , Head-Down Tilt , Heart Ventricles , Isoflurane/therapeutic use , Pneumoperitoneum/veterinary , Anesthesia, Local/veterinary , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed/veterinary
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(4): 1073-1079, 08/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722560

ABSTRACT

As neoplasias mamárias são as mais comuns em cadelas e geralmente acometem fêmeas de meia-idade a idosas, não castradas ou que foram submetidas ao procedimento de ovario-histerectomia tardiamente. A principal forma de tratamento é a excisão cirúrgica, sendo a ressecção unilateral das glândulas mamárias o procedimento mais realizado na prática veterinária. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a dor pós-operatória em cadelas submetidas ao procedimento de mastectomia unilateral sob efeito das técnicas anestésicas de tumescência ou convencional. Foram utilizadas 20 cadelas, divididas em dois grupos: um grupo recebeu apenas a anestesia geral inalatória (grupo convencional), e o outro recebeu adicionalmente a anestesia infiltrativa por tumescência (grupo tumescência). Elas foram avaliadas nas primeiras 24 horas do período pós-operatório, e o processo álgico foi avaliado pela escala de dor da Universidade de Melbourne. As médias dos escores obtidos ao longo do tempo foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey a um nível de 5 por cento de significância (p<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos com relação à dor pós-operatória. A técnica anestésica infiltrativa por tumescência apresentou a vantagem da redução do sangramento transoperatório e mostrou-se exequível em pequenos animais, entretanto seu uso está relacionado à experiência e à preferência do cirurgião e do anestesista...


Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasm in bitches. Intact, mild to advanced aged female dogs are generally more affected. The main treatment is surgical excision and unilateral mastectomy is the most performed procedure in veterinary practice. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative pain in dogs which underwent unilateral mastectomy and were anesthetized with tumescence and conventional anesthesia. Twenty bitches were randomly divided into two groups: Conventional Group (GC), which received only general inhalational anesthesia and Tumescence Group (GT), which also received tumescence anesthesia. All dogs were evaluated during the first 24 hours postoperatively. The scale of Pain from the University of Melbourne was used for the evaluation. The tukey test at a 5 percent level of significance (p <0.05) was used. There were no significant differences between groups related to postoperative pain. The technique of tumescent anesthesia reduced bleeding during surgery and is feasible in dogs. Its use is related to the surgeon and anesthesiologist's experience and preferences...


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Anesthesia, Local/veterinary , Anesthesia, Inhalation/veterinary , Dogs , Pain Measurement/veterinary , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/surgery , Mastectomy, Segmental/veterinary , Postoperative Period
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 29(6): 382-388, 06/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-711595

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the minimum volume of methylene blue (MB) to completely color the brachial plexus (BP) nerves, simulating an effective anesthetic block in cats. METHODS: Fifteen adult male cat cadavers were injected through subscapular approach with volumes of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ml in both forelimbs, for a total of 30 brachial plexus blocks (BPB). After infusions, the specimens were carefully dissected preserving each nervous branch. The measurement of the effective area was indicated by the impregnation of MB. Nerves were divided into four segments from the origin at the spinal level until the insertion into the thoracic limb muscles. The blocks were considered effective only when all the nerves were strongly or totally colored. RESULTS: Volumes of 2, 3 and 4 ml were considered insufficient suggesting a failed block, however, volumes of 5 and 6 ml were associated with a successful block. CONCLUSIONS: The injection of methylene blue, in a volume of 6 ml, completely colored the brachial plexus. At volumes of 5 and 6 ml the brachial plexus blocks were considered a successful regional block, however, volumes of 2, 3 and 4 ml were considered a failed regional block. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Male , Anesthesia, Local/veterinary , Brachial Plexus/drug effects , Coloring Agents/administration & dosage , Forelimb/surgery , Methylene Blue/administration & dosage , Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques/methods , Shoulder/surgery , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Brachial Plexus/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Dissection , Forelimb/innervation , Medical Illustration , Nerve Block/methods , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Shoulder/innervation
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(5): 1297-1305, out. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689745

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo investigou os benefícios da anestesia por tumescência com lidocaína em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia, visando ao conforto do paciente e à sua recuperação pós-operatória. Foram utilizados sete animais, de peso e raças variadas, que apresentavam neoplasia em região de cadeia mamária e que foram submetidos à cirurgia de mastectomia. Todos os animais receberam o mesmo protocolo anestésico, sendo utilizado como MPA a associação entre acepromazina e morfina, nas doses de 0,04mg/kg e 0,4mg/kg (IM), respectivamente. Após 15 minutos, foi alocado um cateter em veia cefálica e realizou-se a indução com propofol 4mg/kg e midazolam 0,2mg/kg, seguida de manutenção anestésica com isofluorano. Posteriormente à instrumentação, procedeu-se à técnica de anestesia por tumescência com solução gelada composta por ringer lactato, lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor e adrenalina, em um volume total de 15mL/kg. Em média, o tempo de duração do procedimento foi de 74±18 minutos. O pico plasmático de lidocaína deu-se entre 30 e 60 minutos após a infiltração da solução. O resgate analgésico foi realizado após sete horas, aproximadamente, da infiltração. Pode-se concluir que a anestesia por tumescência com lidocaína deve ser considerada como constituinte do protocolo anestésico e analgésico de cadelas a serem submetidas à cirurgia de mastectomia, proporcionando estabilidade de parâmetros, segurança e recuperação pós-operatória de boa qualidade.


The present study investigated the benefits of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine in dogs undergoing mastectomy, seeking the patients' comfort and their postoperative recovery. Seven animals, with different weight and breed, who had cancer in the region of mammary chain underwent mastectomy surgery. All animals received the same anesthetic protocol being used as the association between acepromazine and morphine doses of 0.04mg.kg-1 and 0.4mg.kg-1 (IM), respectively. After 15 minutes a catheter was placed in the cephalic vein and induction with propofol 4mg.kg-1 and 0.2mg.kg-1 followed by maintenance with isoflurane anesthesia was done. After instrumentation, we proceeded to the tumescent anesthesia technique with ice-cold solution consisting of Ringer's lactate, lidocaine 2% without epinephrine and adrenaline in a total volume of 15mL.kg-1. The average duration of the procedure was 74±18 minutes. The plasmatic peak of lidocaine was between 30 and 60 minutes after infiltration. The rescue analgesic was performed after approximately seven hours of infiltration. It can be concluded that the tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine should be considered as a constituent of anesthetic and analgesic protocol in dogs undergoing mastectomy surgery providing parameter stability, safety and good quality postoperative recovery.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Anesthesia, Local , Anesthesia, Local/veterinary , Mastectomy/veterinary , Neoplasms/veterinary , Lidocaine/adverse effects , Lidocaine/toxicity
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